糖尿病视网膜神经节细胞损伤的研究进展

Research advance of diabetic retinal ganglion cell lesions

糖尿病性视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)是糖尿病严重并发症之一,可对患者造成严重视功能损害。在视网膜出现微血管病变之前,已经出现视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cell,RGC)的病变。神经细胞的病理改变是糖尿病早期视功能障碍的重要因素。RGC的损伤机制可能与高血糖代谢紊乱、氧化应激损伤、神经营养因子缺乏以及谷氨酸兴奋毒性有关。许多实验研究发现神经元保护药物能减少RGC凋亡,一些关于有效性和安全性的临床研究为临床治疗糖尿病视网膜神经细胞病变奠定重要基础。

Diabetic retinopathy （DR） is one of the severe complications of diabetes, which could lead to severe visual impairment. Retinal ganglion cell （RGC） apoptosis has been confirmed both in vivo and in vitro prior to the definite micro- vascular damages. RGC impairment contributes to an early deterioration of vision. Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, neuron growth factor deficiency and glutamate excitotoxicity were found to be involved in retinal ganglion cell apoptosis. Some neuron protective agents have been showed to prevent the apoptosis of RGC in experimental diabetic retinopathy. Clinical evidences about effectiveness and security also suggested potential treatments for the diabetic retinal neuron.