不同类型小于胎龄儿的生长发育比较

Comparison in physical and neurological development between two types of children born small for gestational age

各国报道的小于胎龄儿发生率约为3％。小于胎龄儿是导致围生期患儿发病和死亡的重要原因之一，且预后与成年期多种疾病相关。仅通过出生体重来判断小于胎龄儿的生长受限不够全面，因为未考虑到小于胎龄儿的身体比例。根据孕期影响因子的来源、作用于胎儿的时间和作用严重程度的不同，会产生两类小于胎龄儿：匀称型小于胎龄儿和非匀称型小于胎龄儿。二者出生后的体格和神经发育情况可能存在差异。该文通过比较各分类指标，并在各分类指标下探讨匀称型小于胎龄儿和非匀称型小于胎龄儿的体格神经发育差异。

Almost 3% of newborns are diagnosed as small for gestational age （SGA）worldwide. Born SGA is one of the important causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality, and is also associated with metabolic diseases in adulthood. Low birth weight by itself is insufficient to characterize growth restriction, as it does not include information about the neonate＇ s body proportionality. Depending on the origin, timing and severity of insuit, small for gestational age infants are classified into two types：proportionate or symmetric growth restriction （SGR） and disproportionate or asymmetric growth restriction（AGR）. There may be differences in physical and neurological development of these two types. This study compares three classification indexes, and to find differences in postnatal growth of these two types.