早产儿脑损伤的相关生物学标志物

Biomarkers of preterm infant low birth weight brain damage

随着围生医学的不断发展，早产低出生体重儿成活率显著提高，而其脑损伤的发病率亦逐年增加。早产儿脑损伤以脑室内出血及脑白质损伤为主，是早产儿神经系统后遗症的主要原因，已成为影响早产儿生存质量的严重问题。早产儿脑损伤病因复杂，难以避免，早期诊断与及时合理的干预尤为重要。由于早产儿脑损伤早期缺乏特异性的临床表现，目前诊断有赖于影像学检查。脑损伤生物学标记物，如：髓鞘碱性蛋白、S100B、激活素A、脑红蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶、细胞因子IL-6、IL-10、IL-11、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、肾上腺髓质素、胶质纤维酸性蛋白等，近年来引起了国内外学者的极大关注。该文对上述相关生物标志物进行综述。

Along with contemporary development of life support technology in perinatology and neonatal intensive care, mortality of preterm infants has been reduced. However, the problems caused by the brain damage have been attracting more and more attention. The long-term outcome of prematures depends on their nervous system sequelae among the total complications. Preterm infants＇ brain damage mainly includes intravent- ricular hemorrhage（IVH） and periventricular leukomalacia（PVL）. IVH and its complications are the main causes of early death, mental and physical developmental disorder of neonatals. Thus, the early diagnosis of brain dam- age,especially PVL, has become a serious problem that we are going to face. The scholars in or aboard hao payed close attention to these markers, such as MBP,S100B,ACT A,NF-L,NGB,MMP,IL-6,IL-10,IL-11, NSE. The paper reviews these biological markers.