中国页岩气开发环境成本计量研究及政策建议

THE RESEARCH OF ENVIRONMENTAL COST MEASUREMENT AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SHALE GAS DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

页岩气的开发过程中会产生潜在的环境污染问题且随着页岩气开发进程的推进,环境问题会逐渐凸显,因此对页岩气开发产生的环境问题进行量化描述显得尤为重要。针对页岩气开发带来的负面和正面环境影响,如水资源耗费、地下水污染、大气污染、生态环境破坏、地质灾害和替代煤炭节约的环境效益等,结合环境成本理论分别给出各方面环境成本的量化模型;综合各项环境成本因素,建立了页岩气开发环境成本量化模型,综合分析页岩气开发对环境的影响程度;建议完善页岩气企业环境成本信息披露体系,以环境报告书方式披露环境成本信息,增加透明度以消除公众疑虑,同时建立环境污染补偿机制,最大限度减少页岩气开发带来的环境成本。

In the process of shale gas development,the potential environmental pollution problems were appeared,which will gradually highlights with the advance of shale gas development,so it is significant to determine exactly how shale gas development affects on the environment and how to measure quantitatively. For the negative and positive environmental impacts in the process of shale gas development,such as the consumption of water resources,groundwater contamination,air pollution,ecological damage,geological disasters,and the environmental benefits of clean energy,this paper proposed of environmental cost measurement model in each aspects combining the theory of environmental cost; established environmental costs econometric model of shale gas development which integrate each environmental cost factors and comprehensively analyzed the environment impact degree of shale gas development; and suggested to improve the environmental information disclosure system of shale gas companies,such as publish environmental cost information in the way of environmental report.Meanwhile,the environmental pollution compensation mechanism should be established to minimize the environmental costs of shale gas development.