7种林木蛀干害虫的声音特征分析

Acoustic characteristics analysis of seven species of tree trunk borers

为了解决林木蛀干害虫早期监测困难的问题,利用自主研建的声音侦听系统采集并分析了云杉大墨天牛幼虫、双条杉天牛幼虫、柏肤小蠹成虫、褐梗天牛幼虫、光肩星天牛幼虫和星天牛幼虫和黄斑星天牛幼虫等7种林木蛀干害虫的声音。结果表明:7种害虫蛀食声均由离散的声脉冲组成,单个声脉冲时域图的波形前大后小,并快速出现一个最大振幅,波形变化不规则。频域图则呈锯齿状,均有一个主峰频率。声脉冲持续时间低于50.0 ms,主频低于8.0 k Hz,脉冲间隔时间无明显规律。时频数值经聚类分析后,同属害虫间相似性高,相同寄主的害虫也表现出一定相关性。该研究证明了所构建声音侦听系统的实用性,扩充了林木蛀干害虫的声音数据库,发现了害虫声音特征的一些基本规律。

In order to monitor tree trunk borers and curing in time, the acoustic characteristics of 7 species of tree trunk borers including Monochamus urussovi Fisher, Semanotus bifasciatus Motschulsky, Phloeosinus aubei Perris, Arhopalus rust/cus Linnaeus, Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky, A. chinensis Forster and A. nobilis Ganglbauer in the process of feeding were analyzed and compared by using the independent establishment of the acoustic detection system. The results showed that all the feeding sound made by the borers was consist of discontinuous single sound pulse, the waveform graphs of time domain all had a maximum amplitude at the front, and then gradually converge at the back with irregular changing. The wave form graphs of frequency domain all had a main peak and present serrate. The sound pulse duration was all shorter than 50.0 ms and the dominant frequency was below 8.0 kHz, no significant rule presented between pulse interval among different species.The cluster analysis showed that the borers belong to the same genera and the borers ex- hibited a very high degree of similarity, and had same host and showed some correlation in the respect of acoustic char- acteristies. This study proved the practicality and effectiveness of the acoustic detection system, expanded the tree trunk borers sound database and found some basic rule on acoustic characteristics.