交通来源污染物的暴露评价研究进展

Progress on Exposure Assessment from Traffic-related Pollution

来自于汽车尾气的交通污染已经成为城市空气污染主要来源和危害。目前的研究发现汽车尾气暴露与多种疾病有关,2013年国际癌症研究所(IARC)将柴油车废气列为一类致癌物。但在流行病学研究中,多以PM_(2.5)、NO_2或多环芳烃等作为汽车尾气的暴露因子,缺乏对汽车尾气特征性标志物有效的暴露评价指标,使得健康效应关系研究结果各异,难有大的突破。本文对汽车尾气的特征性标志物、内外暴露的评价方法的近期研究成果进行综述,希望能为今后的相关研究提供若干新思路。

Traffic-related air pollutants have been the main source of urban air pollution. Current studies found that exposure to traffic-related pollution（ TRP） might be associated with many adverse health effects. Engine exhausts from diesel have been upgraded in 2013 to the first group of carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer（ IARC）,which indicated that it was definitely carcinogenic to human. Current methods for assessing the exposure of TRP in epidemiologic studies might have some limitations,especially lack of characteristic biomarkers for assessing external / internal exposure,which might rendered for the uncertainty and inconsistency in the observation of traffic-related health effects. The findings on TRP biomarkers and assessment methods in current studies were reviewed here in this paper for providing some new ideas in future studies.