拉萨河谷典型农牧区饮水安全现状调查

Drinking Water Satety Investigation in Representative Agricultural and Pastoral Areas of Lhasa River Valley

目的探讨拉萨河谷典型农牧区饮水安全问题类型及现状,分析该地区饮水安全的主要影响因素,提出农牧区饮用水安全保障对策。方法采取现场实际调查方法,制定统一问卷调查表,对农牧区的水源环境背景、水质、水量进行问卷调查。结果拉萨河谷农业生态系统典型农牧区的水源类型79%为山泉水,自来水占总体取水方式的87%,22%农户饮水供应存在一定的季节性缺水现象,主要分布在以4 000 m高海拔的半农半牧区及牧区,47%的农户居住的区域存在人畜共饮的情况。结论该地区饮水水质与我国其他地区比较相对较好;农牧民的饮水供给情况绝大多数都能满足需要,但仍有少数地区的牧民存在饮水困难,特别季节性缺水较为典型;人畜共饮现象在该典型农牧地区仍是饮水安全的一个主要原因。

Objectives To investigate the present status and problems of drinking water in the representative agricultural and pastoral areas in Lhasa River Valley; to discuss the main factors that affected the safety of drinking water,and to propose security countermeasures. Methods A unified questionnaire was conducted in the field survey; the environmental background,quality and quantity of water supply were surveyed. Results In typical agricultural and pastoral areas of Lhasa River Valley,79% of water sources were mountain springs,and 87% of drinking water was supplied by piped water. There was a seasonal water shortage that accounted for 22% of household water supplies. The phenomenon of people sharing water sources with livestock was common（ 47%） in this area.Conclusions The quality of drinking water was relatively good in the region. The water supply for farmers and herdsmen could meet the needs,but there were still problems of drinking water for some herdsmen. Seasonal water shortage was common,and the phenomenon of people sharing drink water sources with livestock was still a major influencing factor of drinking water safety in this area.