耳蜗螺旋神经节细胞的损伤和再生

Injury and Regeneration of Spiral Ganglion Cells in the Cochlea

耳蜗螺旋神经节细胞(spiral ganglion cells,SGCs)为双极神经节细胞,是听觉传导通路的第一级神经元,其周围突与毛细胞相连,中枢突则参与组成听神经。螺旋神经节细胞在声音信号的传递与编码方面具有重要作用,容易在接触耳毒性药物、强噪声、神经营养因子(NTFs)缺乏、衰老、缺血-再灌注等因素而导致不可逆的损伤,并且引起听力损失。由于螺旋神经节细胞是高度分化的终末细胞,损伤后难以修复,使得神经性耳聋的治疗更加困难。研究发现神经营养因子和干细胞可以诱导死亡的螺旋神经节细胞再生(Regeneration)。本文将从螺旋神经节细胞的损伤机制和螺旋神经节细胞再生方面进行综述。

The cochlear spiral ganglion cells （SGCs） are bipolar ganglion cells, which are the first neurons in the auditory transduction pathway. Their peripheral processes are connected with the hair cells, while the central processes form the auditory nerve. Spiral ganglion cells play an important role in sound signals transmission and coding. When exposed to ototoxic drugs, intense noises, loss of neurotrophic factors （NTFS）, aging, ischemic injury and other damag- ing factors, these cells can be irreversibly damaged and cause hearing loss. As the spiral ganglion cells are highly differ- entiated cells, their injury is difficult to repair, making treatment of neurosensory deafness difficult. It has been found that neurotrophic factors and stem cells can induce regeneration among dead spiral ganglion cells. This article will summarize on damaging mechanisms and regeneration of spiral ganglion cells.