旅游干扰对河南嵩山风景区不同海拔梯度土壤性质的影响

Impacts of tourism disturbance on soil properties at different elevations in Songshan scenic area

研究了河南嵩山风景区不同海拔旅游干扰(LD,低度旅游干扰;MD,中度旅游干扰;HD,重度旅游干扰)对土壤性质的影响。结果表明,不同海拔旅游干扰对土壤理化性质、养分和酶活性具有较大的影响,山底、山腰和山顶土壤理化性质、养分和酶活性随旅游干扰强度的变化表现出一致的规律性;旅游干扰增加了土壤容重和电导率,降低了土壤总孔隙度、含水量和pH值;旅游干扰降低了土壤碳素(总碳和有机碳)和氮素(全氮和碱解氮),增加了土壤钾素(全钾和有效钾),而土壤磷素(全磷和有效磷)则不受旅游干扰的影响,其中土壤钾素变化幅度较大,对旅游干扰表现最为敏感;随着旅游干扰强度的增加,土壤蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均明显降低,与对照达到显著差异水平(P<0.05),但轻度旅游干扰对土壤脱氢酶影响并不大(P>0.05);综合比较可知,土壤受旅游干扰影响范围可达游径外80 m左右(LD),以30 m内最为显著(HD)。相关性分析表明,土壤养分及酶活性与温度和水分具有显著或极显著的正相关性,与p H值和容重具有显著或极显著的负相关性,说明了在旅游干扰条件下,土壤中温度和水分对土壤养分及酶活性具有正相关的依赖性,pH值和容重对土壤养分及酶活性具有负相关的依赖性。

Impacts of different intensity of tourism disturbance （LD,lower tourism disturbance; MD middle tourism disturbance; HD high tourism disturbance） on soil properties at different elevations in Songshan scenic area was studied. The results are as follows ： （ 1 ） Tourism disturbance had a great influence on soil properties at different elevations in Songshan scenic area, and moderate tourism disturbance had no effect on vegetation properties, and the soil properties of under the mountain, the ridge of the mountain,and the top of the mountain showed the same variation. （2） Tourism disturbance significantly decreased soil bulk density and electrical conductivity, decreased soil total porosity, moisture and pH value, but had no effect on soil temperature （ P 〉 0.05 ）. （ 3 ） Tourism disturbance significantly decreased soil carbon and nitrogen, increased soil potassium, and had no effect on soil phosphorus, while soil potassium had a larger rangeability which was the most sensitive to tourism disturbance. （4） As the interference intensity increasing,the activity of soil urease, sucrase, dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase decreased,which had a significant difference from the CK （ P 〈 0.05 ） , but lower tourism disturbance （LD） had no effect on soil sucrase （P 〉 0.05 ）. （5） The impacted range of soil covered an area of about 80 m （LD） in diameter away from the trail,but the most obviously affected areas were in 30 m （HD）. （6） Correlation analysis showed that soil nutrients and enzyme activity had positive correlation or significantly positive correlation with soil temperature and moisture, negative correlation or significantly negative correlation with soil pH value and bulk density,which suggested that had positive correlation dependence on soil nutrients and enzyme activity on soil temperature and moisture,while soil pH value and bulk density had negative correlation dependence on soil nutrients and enzyme activity.