黎语核心词“爪子”、“脚”、“手”比较研究

A Comparative Study of Core Words——“Claws”,“Feet”and “Hands”—in the Li Language

语言学家可以通过研究核心词的流变来揭示语言之间的同源关系。黎语的*li:p"爪子"可以表达"指甲"、"蹄"概念,该词与侗台语族的台语支、侗水语支的"爪子"同源。黎语加茂话的kau33"爪"在侗台语族别的语言中多半转指"搔"、"挠",该词可能与南岛语的*kukus"爪"、"指甲"存在语源关系。黎语保定型的khok7"脚"与ha1"腿"是由一个共同的词分化而来的,这个共同的词来自原始汉藏语。保城_2din3"脚"是新借自壮语的词。通什2fek1"脚"在部分黎语方言中转指"腿",该词可以与部分侗台语族语言的"脚板"、南岛语的"脚"和古汉语的"蹯"对应。黎语me■1"手"在侗台语族中分布广泛,与南岛语的"手"具有同源关系。

Through a study of the rheology of core words,linguists can reveal the homologous relationship among languages. As the word ＊ li： p（ 爪子） in the Li language can express the concept of ＂nails＂and ＂claws＂,there is a homologous relationship between the word ＊ li： p（ 爪子 in the Li language and the word—claws—in the Tai language and Kam-Sui language of the Dong-Tai language family. Since the word kau33（ 爪子） in the Jiamao dialect of the Li language often refers to ＂scratching＂in some other languages of the Dong-Tai language family,there may exist an etymology relationship between the word kau33（ 爪子） in the Jiamao dialect and the word ＊ kukus（ 爪子、指甲） in the Austronesian language. The word khok□（ 脚） and the word ha1（ 腿） in the Li language are variants of a common word,which may come from the primitive Sino-Tibetian language family. The word din3＂脚＂in Baocheng dialect is borrowed from modern Zhuang language,and the word fek1＂脚＂in Tongshen dialect often denotes the leg in some other dialects,which is not only derived from the original Kam-Tai languages but also homologous to the word ＂feet＂in the Austronesian language and the ＂蹯＂in ancient Chinese. As the word mew1（ 手） of the Li language,expressive of the concept of ＂hands＂,is widely distributed in Kam-Tai languages,there is a homologous relationship between the word mew1（ 手） in the Li language and its counterpart＂hand＂in the Austronesian language.