翻译转换中的识解运作

Construal Operations in Translation Shifts

对翻译转换的研究始于上个世纪50年代,发展至今已有六十余年的历史,该话题是翻译研究的中心话题之一。通过对中国知网近二十五年的有关翻译转换的文章进行分析,发现现有研究多集中于现象分析、文本对比和理论应用等,对其原因的探索较少,从认知语言学的角度讨论的则更少。可以将认知语法引入到翻译转换的研究中,其形式和意义相配对的语言结构概念、动态意义建构过程中象征单位的功能,都可以对翻译转换作出强有力的解释,其背后的机制实质是译者在识解的不同维度下进行的识解运作。在文化转向大背景下的认知取向研究能够体现语言系统、语言使用与文化间的连续性,该途径可以对翻译过程进行描写和解释,是对翻译研究的语言学回归,这样的回归不是老路重走,而是体现翻译研究发展的螺旋上升。

Studies on translation shifts,which can date back to the 1950 s and has a history of more than 60 years,has become one of the central topics in translation studies. By analyzing relevant papers in CNKI（ China National Knowledge Infrastructure）,it is found that the current studies mainly focus on phenomenon analysis,text comparison and theory application with almost no exploration of the causes from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. The structure concept of form-meaning parings and the function of symbolic units in the dynamic construction of meanings in cognitive grammar can be introduced to present a powerful explanation of translation shifts. The construal operation of different dimensions can work as the underlying mechanism of translation shifts. Cognitive approach demonstrates the continuity of language system,language use and culture under the background of cultural turn and it presents a return of linguistic approach to translation studies. The return does not mean taking the old road,but the spiral development of translation studies.