孟子“《诗》亡”说的整体之思

Mencius' Holistic Thought on The Book of Songs

传统经学诠释中,孟子的"《诗》亡"说被分解成《诗》的某部分、《诗》流传的某环节或《诗》的某方面功能的衰亡;而孟子本义则是作为文学样式的《诗》与它所指引的政教文明方式的整体式微。注疏通过种种限定造成对孟子本义的割裂式理解。孟子"《诗》亡"包含了文章样式的颓败、经典地位的降格及政治、教化与文明样式的衰微。在王道衰微霸道兴起的政教文明格局中,为王道政治奠基的《诗》经衰亡,指引匡正霸道政治的《春秋》经兴作。

In traditional interpretations,Mencius＇ s thought on the decline of The Book of Songs is always regarded as the partial disfunction, which is limited only in some parts of the all poems, some steps of the whole process or some functions of whole book. Mencius original meaning is the decline and fall of the literary genre and the correlative political civilization. And the interpretations seem to disserve Mencius＇ holistic and original meaning. For Mencius, the death of the Book of Songs points to the all changes of the literary form, the position of the classical text, the politics, the education and the civilization. The decline of The Book of Songs means the weakness of the kingly rules and the rise of the tyrannical rules in the realistic politics. As the result of it, The Spring and Autumn was created to correct the tyrannical way and lead it to the kingly way.