施氮对不同基因型玉米籽粒发育和氮效率的影响

Effect of Nitrogen Application on Kernel Development and Nitrogen Efficiency of Different Genotypes of Maize

为解决生产中氮肥过度施用造成的资源浪费和环境污染问题,选择适宜的玉米氮高效品种至关重要。在不同施氮水平下,对不同基因型玉米籽粒发育及氮效率的差异进行了比较,采用田间试验,对屯玉99(TY)、潞玉19(LY)、先玉335(XY)3个玉米品种在4个施氮水平N0、N1、N2、N3(0,80,160,240 kg/hm2)条件下的籽粒发育和氮效率进行对比分析。结果表明,各品种玉米的籽粒干质量与氮含量差异在N3水平下最大,依次表现为N3>N2>N0>N1;随着施氮量的增加,双高效型先玉335和高氮高效型屯玉99籽粒发育速率加快,籽粒干质量和籽粒氮含量在各生长时期都有明显增加,增施氮肥可以有效提高其氮肥利用率,促进氮在玉米植物体内的转移;低氮高效型潞玉19在低氮(N0、N1)水平下保持较高的产量,但随施氮量的增加,其籽粒干质量和氮含量无明显变化,产量甚至有所降低,导致氮利用效率降低。双高效型先玉335在低氮和高氮条件下都有较好的产量,是适合广泛种植的玉米品种;低氮高效型潞玉19适合在贫瘠土壤和施氮条件不良的条件下种植。

To solve the problem of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by excessive nitrogen application,it is essential to choose suitable nitrogen efficient maize varieties. The differences of kernel development and nitrogen efficiency of different genotypes of maize were studied under different nitrogen application. 3 maize varieties under 4 nitrogen levels（ N0,N1,N2,N3） were analyzed by field experiment. The results indicated that the diversities of kernel dry weight and nitrogen content in different varieties were the largest under the N3 level,which showed that the N3 N2 N0 N1. Along with the increase of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer,the kernel growth rate of double-effective（ XY） and high-nitrogen-efficiency（ TY） varieties were accelerated,and kernel dry weight and nitrogen content in different periods had significantly increased. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer,the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer was effectively improved and the transfer of nitrogen in maize plants was promoted. The yield of low-nitrogen-efficiency（ LY） in low nitrogen（ N0,N1） level was maintained a high level,but with the amount of nitrogen increased,the seed dry weight and nitrogen content had no obvious change,the yield was even decreased,resulted the efficiency of nitrogen was decreased. The yield of double-effective（ XY） in low nitrogen and high nitrogen conditions were both kept a high level,it was suitable for widely cultivated. The low-nitrogen-efficiency（ LY） was suitable for cultivated in poor soil and poor conditions of nitrogen.