苏格兰基础教育阶段可持续发展教育探析

An Analysis on the Education for Sustainable Development at Basic Educational Stages in Scotland

英国苏格兰地区是环境教育和可持续发展教育的发源地,拥有良好的自然学习和环境学习的教育历史传统,并不断响应国际社会的倡导,走在国际可持续发展教育推广的前端。近年来,苏格兰在推进卓越课程改革的过程中,将可持续发展教育的理念和实践充分渗透到基础教育课程体系中,形成了渗透式的课程模式。同时,依托"整个学校方案"(A whole school approach)和以学习者为中心、全社会参与的良性运行机制,苏格兰成为国际社会中可持续发展教育推行的成熟典范。

As the birthplace of Environmental Education（EE）and Education for Sus-tainable Development（ESD）,Scotland possesses fine tradition of natural learning and envi-ronmental learning. Throughout the developing history of ESD,Scotland＇s constant,activeresponses to the call of international ESD have ensured it the leading part of ESD globally.In recent years,while launching innovation of its new Curriculum for Excellence,Scotlandhas successfully embedded ESD in the whole curriculum and developed an Infusion Modelat the basic educational stages. At the meantime,with the whole school approach and thelearner-centered,all-society-involved operating system,Scotland has successfully becomethe paragon of ESD throughout the world.