低温推进剂在轨加注技术与方案研究综述

Review on On-Orbit Refueling Techniques and Schemes of Cryogenic Propellants

为了探究适用于低温推进剂在轨加注的相关技术与方案,通过文献调研与对比分析,介绍国内外在轨加注技术的研究现状,梳理低温推进剂在轨加注的关键技术,研究现有加注技术与方案对低温推进剂的适用性,并提出我国开展相关研究的思路与方向。研究表明:1)气液分离、蒸发量控制、质量测量和流体驱动循环等技术是直接影响推进剂在轨加注系统结构与加注性能的关键技术;2)低温推进剂具有沸点低、表面张力小等特殊性,对气液分离、系统热防护等技术的性能要求更高;3)表面张力式气液分离、纤维镜或射频质量检测、多层隔热材料、热力学排气系统(TVS)以及无排气加注等先进技术方案对低温流体和微重力环境均具有更好的适用性,将成为实现低温推进剂在轨加注的关键突破口。

In order to explore related techniques and solutions suitable for on-orbit refueling of cryogenic propellants,literature investigation and comparative analysis are conducted to summarize the recent research and the key techniques associated with propellant on-orbit refueling. Moreover,the applicability of the existing refueling schemes and techniques for cryogenic propellants is investigated,and a suggestive research project is proposed for guiding the domestic researches.Conclusions have been drawn as follows： 1） Gas-liquid separating,mass gauging,boil-off mass controlling as well as fluid drive circulating techniques have a direct influence on both structure and filling performance of propellant on-orbit refueling systems. 2） The special properties of cryogenic propellants such as the low boiling point and the small surface tension require of gas-liquid separation,thermal protection and other refueling techniques higher performance. 3） The advanced techniques including surface tension propellant tank for gas-liquid separation,fiber optic mass gauging,radio frequency mass gauging（ RFMG）,multilayer insulation and thermodynamic vent system（ TVS） would be the key to achieve cryogenic propellant on-orbit resupply and well suitable for cryogenic propellants and microgravity environment.