濒危植物风箱果的研究现状及展望

Current Research Situation and Prospect of an Endangered Tree Species Physocarpus amurensis

为了解掌握濒危植物风箱果(Physocarpus amurensis)的研究现状,以便充分利用现有成果并为下一步深入研究奠定基础,本文回顾了风箱果的传粉生物学、繁育系统、种子萌发特性和无性繁殖等方面的研究成果。分析得出造成风箱果濒危的原因主要有:1生境严重片段化及恶劣的气候条件阻碍了传粉过程;2种子萌发所需要的光照、埋藏深度和土壤含水量等条件得不到满足;3自然种群的维持主要依靠克隆繁殖,而生境片段化限制了克隆繁殖的扩展延伸,种群内个体间竞争强度增大;4人类活动的影响。最后提出了未来对风箱果应该优化组织培养快繁体系以促进资源扩繁,加强遗传多样性、胚胎学和生理生态学研究以为合理科学保护提供科学依据。

For the purpose of understanding the current situation and future issues in research on Physocarpus amurensis,an endangered tree species,this paper reviewed the research achievements on its pollination biology,breeding system,seed germination characteristics and asexual propagation. It was concluded that the main reasons that cause species being endangered were as follows：（ 1） the process of pollination was hindered by the habitat fragmentation and the harsh climate conditions;（ 2） the conditions for seed germination,such as light,burial depth and soil moisture content were not satisfied;（ 3） the maintenance of the natural population mainly depended on the clonal propagation; however,the habitat fragmentation limited the population extension by clonal propagation,which increased the competition among the individuals within the population;（ 4） the influence of human activities. Finally,some suggestions were put forward for the future research including optimizing micropropagation system for resource enlargement and enhancing genetic diversity,embryology,physiology and ecology,which has provided scientific supports for conservation.