“文化惯性”与“雅俗冲突”:论元代地方儒学释奠雅乐的重建

Cultural Inertia and the Conflict of Refined Mundane Music:The Reconstruction of Ritual Music for Local Confucian School in Yuan Dynasty

元代地方儒学的释奠仪式上曾出现"礼乐坏缺","差遣俳优,鼓以俗乐"的"雅俗冲突"现象,这种现象引起了部分地方官员和儒士的不满。延祐五年(1318)在一位江西官员的倡导下,礼部开始诏令全国各地宣圣庙置办雅乐。此诏令并不具有强制性,但对化解"雅俗冲突"、恢复释奠雅乐起到了一定作用;同时也有一些官员和儒士从维护儒家礼乐的完备性出发,自觉开展雅乐重建活动。在元朝官方并未强制推行儒学雅乐的环境下,地方儒学雅乐的星火重建,是儒家礼乐观"文化惯性"的体现,也是儒士自我认同的曲折反映。

Mundane music was once used to accompany the monthly rituals of local Confucian schools in Yuan Dynasty and this kind of phenomenon dissatisfied some local officials and scholars.In 1318,a local official from Jiangxi Province advocated that local Confucian schools should use refined music in the monthly rituals.The Ministry of Rites soon adopted his claim and gave an edict to local Confucian schools in the country.The edict was not a mandatory one but it helped to rebuild the refined music.Some local officials and scholars were also abided by the Confucianism and rebuilt the refined music all by themselves.Their contributions to rebuild the refined music were cultural inertia of Confucianism,and also the self-identification of Confucian scholars in Yuan Dynasty.