被害人因受骗而同意的法律效果

The Legal Effects of the Victim's Consent Based on Deception

被害人同意阻却犯罪成立的根据,是相应法益失去了"要保护性"。在判断被害人因受骗而作出的同意是否有效时,法益关系错误说提供了合理的思考方向,总体上值得坚持。但是,这一学说在特定场合面临质疑。因此,恰当界定"法益关系"的范围、类型,明确其理论定位是十分重要的。法益关系错误说为判断同意是否有效提供了第一道筛选机制。在不存在法益关系错误时,虽然可以推定同意有效,但例外地也可能因为该同意欠缺任意性而导致同意最终无效。以法益关系错误为基础、以客观判断任意性之有无为实质的客观真意说,是对既有理论的继承和发展,具有重要的刑法解释学意义。

In cases where an individual legal interest is infringed by a criminal act, valid consent by the victim usually has the effect of negating the illegality of the act. In judging whether the consent based on deception is valid or not, the ＂comprehensively invalid theory＂, the ＂subjective true will theory＂ and the ＂error of major motivation theory＂ have obvious defects and therefore should be abandoned, whereas the theory of error in legal interest provides a reasonable approach worth pursuing on the whole. However, the theory of error in legal interest is faced with dilemmas under certain circumstances and, therefore, it＇ s important to properly define the range, type and especially the theoretical position of ＂legal interest＂. We should be vigilant about the practice of expanding the scope of ＂legal interest＂ to maintain the theory of error in legal interest, which involves the risk of damaging the ster- eotype of constitutive elements. The theory of error in legal interest only provides the mechanism for the preliminary screening in the determination of the validity of consent. In the absence of error in legal interest, although the consent can be presumed valid, it may be invalid due to lack of randomicity under some exceptional circumstances. The theory of objective true will, which is based on error in legal interest and takes the objective judgment of the existence of randomicity as its essence, is not only different from the existing theory, but also an inheritance and development of existing theory.