台湾问题的相关条约及其法律地位的演变

The Related Treaties on Taiwan and the Evolution of Its Legal Status

台湾问题是历史造成的,而条约则是记载其归属地位演变的法律文书。19世纪70年代的中日《北京专条》,第一次以条约方式认定台湾属于中国的历史事实和法律地位。20年后的《马关条约》将台湾割给日本,改变了它的归属地位,这是中日甲午战争的结果,体现了传统国际法时代对战争的认可和领土变更规则。20世纪40年代的《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》,是严肃的国际法律文书,表明国际社会以庄严条约的形式,对台湾归还中国作了具有国际义务性质的认同和承诺。日本宣布接受并正式签订投降书,已经丧失对台湾的主权,完成了将台湾归还中国的法律程序,中国政府在实践中又使其成为客观事实。美、英等国别有用心地提出台湾地位未定论,是出于反对新中国和共产主义的政治目的,没有任何法律依据。70年代,美、日等国承认中华人民共和国,与之订约建交,台湾归属中国的法律地位得到进一步确认。

Taiwan Question has its historical causes,and the treaties are the legal documents which records the evolution of its ownership status.The historical facts that Taiwan belongs to China and its legal status were recognized in the form of a treaty for the first time in Sino-Japanese Beijing Convention in 1870 s.Twenty years later,Taiwan was ceded to Japan by the Treat of Shimonoseki（1895）and changed its ownership status,which was the result of First Sino-Japanese War（1894）,reflecting the recognition of war and the rules of territorial changes in the era of traditional law.The Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation in 1940 swere two serious international legal documents,which indicated the international obligations and commitments of Taiwan＇s returning to China in the solemn forms of treaties.Japan announced its acceptance and signed the instrument of surrender,losing the sovereignty over Taiwan,completing the legal procedure of Taiwan＇s returning to China.And Chinese government made it become objective fact in practice.The uncertain status of Taiwan raised with ulterior motives by United States,United Kingdom and other countries aimed at opposing the new China and communism for their political purposes without any legal basis.In 1970 s,United States,Japan and others established diplomatic relations with China by signing agreements,the legal status of Taiwan＇s belonging to China being further confirmed.