新疆伽师酸梅核仁油的理化性质及热稳定性分析

Physicochemical property and thermal stability of Jiashi plum kernel oil from Xinjiang

采用索氏抽提法提取伽师酸梅核仁油,并对其理化性质、脂肪酸组成与热稳定性进行分析。结果表明：伽师酸梅核仁油相对密度（20℃）、酸值（KOH）、过氧化值、皂化值（KOH）、碘值（I）、折光指数（n20D）分别为0.913 1、0.84 mg/g、0.61 meq/kg、188.36 mg/g、114 g/100 g、1.458 0;伽师酸梅核仁油主要脂肪酸组成为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量达91.87%;伽师酸梅核仁油在紫外光UV-B（290-320 nm）及UV-C（230-290 nm）波段有一定的吸收,可作为防晒剂加以开发;热重分析表明伽师酸梅核仁油失重从400.2℃开始至433.3℃终止,失重速率峰值在415.3℃;差示扫描量热分析表明伽师酸梅核仁油的结晶和熔融曲线中各有1个特征峰。伽师酸梅核仁油具有较高的开发利用前景。

The Jiashi plum kernel oil was obtained by Soxhlet extraction method,and its physicochemical property,fatty acid composition and thermal stability were analyzed. The results showed that the relative density（ 20 ℃）,acid value,peroxide value,saponification value,iodine value and refractive index of Jiashi plum kernel oil were 0. 913 1,0. 84 mg KOH / g,0. 61 meq / kg,188. 36 mg KOH / g,114 g I /100 g and 1. 458 0 respectively; the main fatty acids of Jiashi plum kernel oil were oleic acid,linoleic acid,palmitic acid and stearic acid,and the content of unsaturated fatty acids was up to 91. 87%. Jiashi plum kernel oil showed high absorbance in the ranges of UV-B（ 290-320 nm） and UV-C（ 230-290 nm）,which indicated that the oil could be used as sun-screening agent. Thermal gravity analysis results indicated that the decomposition of Jiashi plum kernel oil began at 400. 2 ℃ and ended at 433. 3 ℃,with the highest value of weightlessness rate at 415. 3 ℃. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis results indicated that single peak was detected in both crystallization curve and melting curve. Jiashi plum kernel oil had high potential to be developed and utilized.