浅析徽州民居中马头墙与牌坊的同构现象

Analyzing the Isologues Phenomena Between Horse Head Wall and Memorial Archway in Huizhou Architecture

马头墙作为徽州地区一种典型的建筑元素,其产生多被认为是出于防火功能需要的结果。然而国内许多地区同样也有封火墙但表现形式却与马头墙完全不同。该文以实地调研和文献研究为基础,从文化、形态、功能三方面,探讨了徽州地区马头墙与牌坊之间的联系。研究发现,马头墙的出现是明清时期徽州地区地域文化与牌坊建筑文化共同推动的结果。马头墙在文化寓意、楼檐形态、入口空间的导向功能等方面与当时的牌坊具有一定的同构现象。这为架构马头墙与牌坊这两种建筑元素之间的联系,客观审视徽派建筑发展的现象提供了其他视角。

Horse head wall as a typical architectural element in Huizhou region, usually is considered to be use to isolated fire. However, many region of China also have fire seal, but there are completely different from horse head wall. Based on the fi eld research and references research, from the cultural, morphological, function, we discuss the links between horse head wall and memorial archway. We found that the horse head wall had been affected by the Huizhou regional culture and memorial archway culture in MingQing Dynasties. Horse head wall in cultural meaning, roof forms and entrance space oriented features have some isomorphic phenomenon with memorial archway. This new view has established contact between horse head wall and memorial archway and has provided another objective perspective to look at the phenomenon of Huizhou architecture development.