地铁车辆车内噪声分布规律

Distribution Law of the Internal Noise in Metro Cars

采用噪声与振动测试分析系统对地铁车辆车内噪声进行测试,分析车内同一工况不同位置噪声分布规律,进行不同速度下各测点声压级比较.通过分析得知,车内主要噪声源为轮轨噪声及车辆附属设备噪声.近地板、通过台和车门处噪声比其他测点处声压级高2 dB（A）～3 dB（A）;近车顶处噪声主要来自空调机组机械振动产生的噪声和送风口空气动力噪声;当频率在500 Hz以上的中高频范围内,声压级随速度增加而增加;车辆运行线路为道岔时,车内噪声值较大,比通过直线时噪声值高达15 dB（A）,比通过曲线时噪声值高达4 dB（A）.该研究结果对地铁车辆降噪设计具有一定的参考价值.

The internal noise of Metro cars was measured by a noise and vibration test and analysis system. The internal noises in different positions of the car under the same operation condition were analyzed. The sound pressure levels (SPL) at each measurement point at different speeds were compared mutually. Based on the analysis, it was found that the main noise sources are the wheel-rail noise and vehicle accessories noises. The SPLs near the floor, the gangway and the door were 2 dB(A)-3 dB(A) higher than those at the other measurement points. The noise near the roof comes mainly from the mechanical vibration of the air handing unit (AHU) and the aerodynamic noise of the air supply outlet. In the high frequency range above 500 Hz, the SPL increases with the increasing of speed. When the vehicle is traveling on turnoff, the interior noise value is 15 dB(A) higher than that traveling on straight track and 4 dB(A) higher than that traveling on curved track. The results of the study have a certain reference value for the subway vehicle noise reduction design.