甘肃河西五种甘草属植物的植物学特性及药用价值研究

Botanical characteristics and medicinal value of five Glycyrrhiza species cultivated in the Hexi region of Gansu

为探索5种甘草属植物在甘肃河西地区的生态适应性及药用价值,以栽培甘草、胀果甘草、光果甘草、刺果甘草及黄甘草为研究对象,对其植物学特性及根部甘草酸、甘草苷含量进行比较研究。结果表明,在甘肃河西地区栽培的5种甘草属植物学特性差异明显;刺果甘草主茎高、小叶数及地上部分鲜重最高,黄甘草居最低水平;甘草根长显著高于其他4个种,但根部鲜重与光果甘草、胀果甘草及刺果甘草无显著差异;甘草酸、甘草苷含量均为3年生比2年生显著增加;3年生根中甘草酸含量除刺果甘草含量最低,其他4个种均达到药典标准,而甘草苷含量则只有甘草达到药典标准。综合各农艺性状和活性成分指标,认为在甘肃河西荒漠化地区,甘草具有较好的生态适应性,可作为甘草药材的基源植物推广种植,而刺果甘草则可作为河西地区重要的防风固沙作物。

We evaluated the ecological adaptability and medicinal value of five Glycyrrhizaspecies（G.uralensis,G.inflata,G.glabra,G.pallidiflora,and G.euycarpa）cultivated in the Hexi region of Gansu,China.The botanical characteristics were analyzed and the contents of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in roots were determined.The botanical characteristics differed among the five species.G.pallidiflorahad the highest values for plant height,number of blades,and fresh weight of above-ground parts,and G.eurycarpahad the lowest values for these attributes.The root of G.uralensis was significantly longer than those of other four species,but its fresh weight was not significantly different from those of G.glabra,G.inflata,and G.pallidiflora.The contents of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin in roots were significantly higher in 3-year-old plants than in 2-year-old plants.The lowest glycyrrhizic acid content was in roots in 3-year-old plants of G.pallidiflora,but the glycyrrhizic acid content in roots reached the standard of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia in the other four species.Only G.uralensis roots had a liquiritin content that reached standard of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Considering these agronomic traits and comprehensive indexes,Glycyrrhizaspecies show good ecological adaptability and can be cultivated in the desert area of Gansu,and G.pallidifloracan be grown as a windbreak and sand-fixing plant in the Hexi region of Gansu.