生态良知说的思想本源

Ideological Origins of Eco-conscience Theory

阿尔多·利奥波德所提出的生态良知,是环境伦理主体得以审美化生成的心灵根基。但是,他出于对生态叙事的偏好,并未对生态良知概念进行严格界定。在中、西方文化中,均可寻获生态良知说的本源。前者源出儒家典籍《孟子》,该书不仅是中国良心说的渊薮,并且蕴涵着丰富的生态思想。后者以黑格尔、海德格尔的论述最为精深,一方面,黑格尔凸显了中西良知说的分野,其开启了良知的生存论阐释;另一方面,黑格尔哲学不乏生态意蕴,而海德格尔思想对于环境伦理学更具有深刻的影响。在此基础上,生态良知说有望得以深度建构。

Eco-conscience proposed by Aldo Leopold constitutes the spiritual foundation on which the environmental subject can be cultivated aesthetically. However,he did not define the notion of eco-conscience strictly due to his preference of eco-narrative. The sources of eco-conscience can be found in both Chinese and western cultures. The former originates from ″ Mencius″,a Confucian classics,which not only constitutes the source of Chinese theory of conscience,but also contains rich eco-thoughts. Among the latter,the theories of Hegel and Heidegger are the most profound. On the one hand,Hegel highlights the division between the conscience theories in ancient China and the West,while Heidegger creates the existential interpretation of conscience; on the other hand,there is no lack of ecological implications in Hegel' s philosophy,while Heidegger' s thinking has more profound impact upon environmental ethics. On this basis,the theory of eco-conscience might be constructed in a deeper mode.