广州地区子痫的发生与季节的相关性

The relationship between eclampsia and seasonal variation in Guangzhou

目的探讨广州地区41例子痫的发生与季节的关系,并分析母胎围产期结局。方法收集2013年1月1日至2014年12月31日广州市符合子痫诊断标准并且临床资料完整的41例患者各种数据,分析流行病学特点及与同期广州气温之间的关系。结果广州地区子痫发病率在12月份达高峰[3.09酃(7/22 674)],极端低温和平均低温达最低。春季发病占14.63%(6/41),夏季发病占21.95%(9/41),秋季发病占29.27%(12/41),冬季发病占31.15%(14/41),冬季发病率高于春季发病率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。春季最高收缩压(189.50±23.44)mm Hg高于夏季最高血压(164.00±12.37)mm Hg和秋季最高收缩压(163.33±15.59)mm Hg,冬季最高收缩压(179.14±22.88)mm Hg高于秋季最高收缩压(163.33±15.59)mm Hg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);冬春季节最高收缩压比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各季节气候与最高舒张压、子痫发病孕周比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各季节气候与新生儿窒息率、围产儿死亡率、早产率比较差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。夏季新生儿体重(1 788.00±642.22)g低于秋季新生儿出生体重(2 600.25±730.06)g,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论子痫发病具有季节性,以冬季发病率最高,且在12月份达高峰,冬春季节最高收缩压高于夏秋季节。建立广州子痫发病的季节模式,有助于从流行病学角度预防子痫的发生,提高产科质量,改善母儿预后。

Objective To investigate the seasonal patterns of eclampsia and analyze the short-term outcomes of mother and newborn. Methods The clinical data of 41 cases of eclampsia from January 2013 to December 2014 and the temperature in Guangzhou were retrospectively analyzed. Results Along with the lowest average and very low temperature in December, the incidence of eclampsia reached the peak（3.90酃）.6 cases of eclampsia occurred in Spring,9 cases in Summer,12 cases in Autumn and 14 cases in Winter. In Winter,the incidence of eclampsia was significantly higher than that in Spring. In Spring, the highest systolic blood pressure was significantly higher than that in Summer and Autumn（189.50 ±23.44 mm Hg vs 164.00 ±12.37 mm Hg and 163.33 ±15.59 mm Hg）. In Winter, the highest systolic blood pressure was significantly higher than that in Autumn（179.14 ±22.88 mm Hg vs163.33 ±15.59 mm Hg）.There was no statistically significant among the highest systolic blood pressure in Winter and Spring. There were no statistically significant between seasons including the rate of neonatal asphyxia and preterm birth and perinatal mortality. In Summer, neonatal weight was less than that in Autumn and its difference was statistically significant（1 788.00±642.22 g vs2 600.25 ±730.06 g）. There was no statistical significance among the onset of eclampsia and highest diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion This study showed that there was seasonal feature of eclampsia which peaked in Winter. In Winter and Sping, the highest systolic blood pressure were higher than in Summer and fall. Establishing a seasonal pattern of eclampisa should provide implications for preventing the occurrence of eclampsia, reducing maternal and neonatal mortality.