亚太地区气候移民的动因剖析与应对策略

Analyzing Climate Migration in the Asia-Pacific Region

亚太地区的气候移民严重影响移民来源国、迁徙路径国和接收国的经济发展和社会稳定。迁徙抉择是渐进的生态环境恶化、突发天气事件、薄弱的经济基础、混乱的管理机制等因素综合作用的结果。基于各国生存权和发展权的基本需求,提出气候移民来源国、地缘邻接国、气候变化主要责任国及其他国家和地区之间有差别的应对策略。通过明确移民保障范围、提高移民来源国就地安置能力,并鼓励境内移民、提升迁徙路径国和接收国的移民应对能力,构建兼顾各方利益的对策体系,寻求亚太地区和谐共进的可持续发展途径。

Massive climate migration in the Asia-Pacific region has seriously affected the social order, economic de- velopment and national security of the source countries, path countries and accepting countries. Decisions of migra- tion are influenced by many causes such as deteriorated environment, unexpected weather events, artificial factors of serious overpopulation, weak economic basis, low technical level, and disordered regulatory regime. On the basis of the basic needs of the rights to existence and development, this paper proposed discriminatory measures to be taken by source countries, geographically neighboring countries, main accountable countries and other countries, inter-gov- ernment organizations and non-government organizations. A system of coordinating various interests must be formu- lated to seek the harmonious path to a sustainable co-development in the Asian-Pacific region by defining the basic coverage of climate migration, improving the settlement capacity in source countries, encouraging domestic immi- grants and enhancing the capacity of path countries and accepting countries to cope with climate migrants.