6New mann F M. Student engagement in academicwork:Expanding the perspective on secondary school effectiveness. In Waxman H C, Effective Teaching :current research[ C]. Berkeley : McCutchan publishing corporation, 1991.58-75.
7Ainley M D. Styles of engagement with learning : Multidimensional assessment of their relationship with strategy use and school achievement[ J ]. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1993, 85 (3) : 396-405.