试述素食生态女性主义的动物伦理思想

On the Animal Ethics of Vegetarian Ecofeminism

作为生态女性主义的一个分支,素食生态女性主义将非人类的动物纳入研究框架,指出物种与种族、阶级、性别和自然之间不可分割的联系。本文通过分析素食生态女性主义选择食素这种饮食模式的原因,展示它在动物问题上表现出的伦理取向。首先,素食生态女性主义驳斥了食肉主义文化的统治本体论,认为它导致了动物从有生命的主体被降格为无生命的客体,唯有关注生命伦理,才能还原动物主体性。其次,素食生态女性主义批判了肉生产和肉消耗背后的社会、历史和政治因素,提倡动物是有道德地位的生命主体,应当对他们给予关爱和同情。最后,素食生态女性主义注意到了素食主义的情境性,提出了种际正义原则。这种多元性和包容性的思维方式为素食生态女性主义打开了广阔的伦理空间,体现了对动物的人道主义情怀。

As a branch of ecofeminism,vegetarian ecofeminism brings non-human animals into its research framework,and points out the relationship among species,races,classes,gender and nature. This paper aims at exploring vegetarian ecofeminism's ethical orientation through its dietary choice. Firstly, vegetarian ecofeminism denounces the ontologization of animals by the carnivorous culture,which results in the objectification of animals. It proposes life ethic as a way to restore animal subjectivity. Secondly,vegetarian ecofeminism criticizes the social,historical and political factors behind meat production and meat consumption,and advocates care and sympathy to animal subjects of moral standing. Finally,vegetarian ecofeminism notices that vegetarianism has its own cultural contexts,thus puts forward principles of interspecies justice. The pluralistic and inclusive way of thinking opens up a wider ethic space for vegetarian ecofeminism and reflects its humanitarian spirit.