核电站退役废物管理

Discussion on Decommissioning and Waste Management for Nuclear Power Plant

核电站产生的废物的处理尽可能延用运行废物处理系统,考虑到退役废物的废物类别及产生量与运行废物差异较大,可考虑增设必要的废物处理手段或扩大废物处理能力,是否新建废物处理设施应综合考虑是否有适宜场址、工期是否允许以及是否存在与退役无关且足够大的子项可进行改扩建等操作。文章以M310堆为例,估算了单机组退役可能的退役废物产生量,同时,为实现废物最小化的目标,提出了进行设计优化,严格运行管理、避免事故发生,严格进行废物分类,利用废物处理手段减少废物处置量和废物体积以及对材料再循环再利用等建议。

The gaseous wastes are mainly produced during the process of thermal cutting and surface-striping. The liquid wastes are mainly produced during the process of system emptying and system decontamination, off-line decontamination, and bath water. The solid wastes are mainly produced during the process of system emptying, dismantling, and building or structure decontamination. All the wastes produced during the decommissioning will be treated by the original waste treatment system, and new waste treatment facility could be built, according to the catalogues and capacity of the original waste treatment system. In order to achieve the objective of waste minimization, suggestions are put forward for design optimization, strict operation management, avoidance of accident, strict waste classification, minimization of waste capadty and volume by treatment of waste, and material recycle, etc. in this paper.