质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极的关键技术

Progress of membrane electrode assembly technology for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

膜电极是多相物质传输和电化学反应场所,决定着燃料电池的性能、寿命及成本。本文分析膜电极当前技术现状与商业化目标,梳理膜电极分类及经过梯度化膜电极向有序化膜电极发展的技术脉络,介绍近年来超低Pt载量的第三代膜电极-有序化膜电极的新进展,比较各种有序化膜电极制备方法的优缺点。目前有序化膜电极在铂族元素总载量为0.118 mg/cm2下取得的最好性能为861 m W/cm2@0.692 V,0.137 g/k W,成本降至5美元/k W,Q/ΔT值从2013年的1.9下降到1.45。从降低Pt用量及简化燃料电池发电系统、降低系统成本的角度看,自增湿有序化膜电极是未来膜电极开发的重要方向。

Membrane electrode assembly is a key component for muhiphase mass transport and electrochemical reaction, which determines the performance, durability and cost of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. In this paper, the current technology status and commercial targets for membrane electrode assembly are analyzed. After the two traditional manufacturing methods, the third generation ordered membrane electrode assembly has attracted great research interest in the fuel cell development. The latest progress of the ordered membrane electrode assembly with ultra-low Pt loading in recent years is introduced in detail. Currently the best ordered membrane electrode assembly with 0.118 mg/cm2 Pt total loading can achieve the performance of 861 mW/cm2 @ 0.692 V, 0.137 g/kW and cost of $5/ kW, the Q/A T value also reaches 1.45. From the viewpoint of reducing the Pt content and reducing the cost of the fuel cell power generation system, the ordered membrane electrode assembly with the function of self-humidifiaction is an important direction in the next generation membrane electrode assembly development.