双阳离子液体的合成、性能及应用

Synthesis,Properties and Applications of Dicationic Ionic Liquids

双阳离子液体(DILs)是一类新型离子液体,其结构中包括一个双阳离子和两个单的阴离子,两个阳离子之间通过联接基进行连接。此类离子液体因其具有高的热和化学稳定性、优良的可设计性、高热容等特点而备受关注,并广泛应用于高温有机反应、气相色谱固定相、染料敏化太阳能电池、分离过程和高温润滑油。本文简述了近年来双阳离子液体的研究进展,归纳了不同类型DILs的合成,包括:对称DILs的合成和非对称DILs的合成;并对此类离子液体的性能进行了总结,如物化性能、表界面性能、毒性及生物降解性等;介绍了DILs的结构与分子动力学;概括了DILs在有机合成、材料制备、电化学领域的应用;最后对DILs的应用前景与发展趋势进行了展望。

Dicationic ionic liquids（ DILs） are a fascinating class of novel ionic liquids consisting of two cationic moieties combined with a spacer and two anionic moieties. DILs have recently received more and more attention because of their unique and interesting advantages compared with traditional monocationic ionic liquids while maintaining the same desirable solvation properties,such as higher thermal and chemical stability,excellent structural tunability,superior heat capacity and so on. Given the tunability of DILs,they are more suitable for use in a plethora of science and engineering applications, such as high-temperature organic synthesis,chromatography stationary phases,stable quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell,separation process,and novel high-temperature lubricant. The recent research progresses of DILs are systematicly reviewed in this paper.General methods for synthesis of various types of DILs,including symmertrical and asymmertrical DILs,are summarized. Properties of DILs in terms of melting point,density,viscosity,heat capacity,thermal stability,surface and interfacial properties,toxicity and biodegradability are respectively described in detail. The structures and molecular dynamics of DILs are introduced in brief. The applications of DILs in organic synthesis,material preparation and electrochemical field are briefly overviewed. In addition, the application prospect and development trend of DILs are finally prospected.