授权教育对维持性血液透析病人的影响

IMPACT OF EMPOWERMENT EDUCATION ON MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

目的探讨授权教育对维持性血液透析（MHD）病人的影响。方法便利抽样MHD病人80例,随机分为两组,各40例。对照组进行常规健康教育,研究组在常规教育的基础上进行授权教育,教育时间6周。分别于教育后3个月和6个月,应用《慢性病管理自我效能表》、《SDS抑郁量表》评估MHD病人的自我效能和抑郁状况,并检测血肌酐、血红蛋白和清蛋白水平。结果研究组授权教育后6个月的自我效能、症状管理和疾病共性管理得分均高于授权教育后3个月和授权教育前,抑郁状态得分低于授权教育后3个月和授权教育前,差异有显著性（F=3.121~34.460,P〈0.05）;对照组健康教育后6个月的自我效能总分、症状管理和疾病共性管理、抑郁状态得分与健康教育后3个月和健康教育前比较,差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。研究组授权教育后6个月的血肌酐、血红蛋白和清蛋白水平与授权教育后3个月和授权教育前比较,差异有显著性（F=6.129~6.434,P〈0.05）;而对照组健康教育6个月后的血肌酐、血红蛋白和清蛋白水平与健康教育后3个月和健康教育前比较,差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论授权教育能够改善MHD病人的自我效能、抑郁和营养状况。

Objective To analyze the effect of empowerment education on maintenance hemodialysis patients（MHPs）.Methods Eight MHPs were selected in random and equally divided into two groups.Patients in the control group received conventional health education,and those in the study group were offered empowerment education on the basis of conventional health education.The education lasted for 6weeks.After 3and 6months,the patients in both groups were assessed their self-efficacy and depression using＂chronic disease management self-efficacy table＂and＂SDS depression scale＂,respectively.Serum creatinine,hemoglobin and albumin were measured as well. Results After 6months of empowerment education,patients in the study group got higher scores in self-efficacy,symptom management and general disease commonness management than that after 3months of empowerment education and before the education,and the score of depressive status was lower than before education,the differences being significant（F=3.121-34.460,P〈0.05）.As for patients in the control group,the differences in scores of self-efficacy,symptom management and general disease commonness management and depressive status between 6-month,3-month and before education were not significant（P〉0.05）.After 6-month empowerment education,the differences in levels of serum creatinine and albumin between after 6-month,3-month and before education were significant（F=6.129-6.434,P〈0.05）,as for those in the control group,the differences in the parameters between after and before the education were not significant（P〉0.05）. Conclusion Empowerment education can improve the self-efficacy,depression and nutritional status of maintenance hemodialysis patients.