中山市某地区装修工人职业相关危险因素调查

Investigation on occupational risk factors among decoration workers in an area of Zhongshan City

目的了解装修工人职业相关危险因素暴露和知信行情况,探索装修工人职业病的预防和控制策略。方法采用整群抽样的方法,于2013年6月对中山市某地区2个工厂的473名装修工人进行职业相关危险因素调查。结果 6.40%的装修工人有职业病史,73.6%曾有急性中毒症状。单因素分析显示,工人职业相关症状在性别、年龄、工作场所设置通风设施、定期健康检查、日工作时长、体育锻炼、吸烟、工作相关病史、知晓接触物为有害物质、操作时采取防护措施、在工作场所进食等发生率不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归显示,人群中性别(OR=0.448,P<0.05)、体育锻炼(OR=0.176和0.301,P<0.05)、工作相关疾病史(OR=25.562,P<0.05)、定期健康检查(OR=2.523,P<0.05)、在工作场所进食(OR=0.58,P<0.05)这5项与职业引起的急性症状相关。结论装修工人职业病危险暴露因素的知信行较差,应加强个人防护措施,改善职业环境,提高装修工人对职业病防治重要性的认识,以减少职业病的危害。

[Objective] To understand the status of exposure to occupational risk factors among decoration workers,evaluate the situation of knowledge,attitude and practice,and explore the prevention and control strategy of occupational disease in decoration workers. [Methods] In June 2013,the occupational related risk factors were investigated among 473 decoration workers who were collected from 2 companies in an area of Zhongshan City by cluster sampling method.[Results] 6.40% of decoration workers had the occupational disease history,and 73.6% had suffered from the symptoms of acute poisoning. The univariate analysis showed that differences in the incidences rates of occupational related symptoms were statistically significant among the different groups of gender,age,ventilation facilities of work place,regular physical examination,daily working hours,physical exercise,smoking,occupational disease history,knowing the contact contents are the harmful substances,taking protective measures during operation and eating in the workplace（P 〈0.05）. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the acute occupational related symptoms were correlated with the gender（OR=0.448,P〈0.05）,physical exercise（OR=0.176,OR=0.301,P〈0.05）,occupational disease history（OR=25.562,P〈0.05）,regular physical examination（OR=2.523,P〈0.05） and eating in the workplace（OR=0.58,P〈0.05）.[Conclusion] The situation of knowledge,attitude and practice about occupational risk factors among decoration workers is not satisfactory. It is necessary to strengthen personal protective measures,improve the occupational environment,and enhance the awareness on importance of occupational disease prevention among decoration workers,to reduce the harm of occupational disease.