基于驾驶感受的车辆运行特性研究

Research on Vehicle Running Characteristics Based on Driver′s Perception

除车辆自身性能外,驾驶员的驾驶感受也会对车辆的运行特性产生一定的影响,已经得到很多学者研究的认同,但是通过道路实验进行定量化实证分析的研究还较少。基于驾驶感受和车辆运行过程中乘客的物理受力分析,提出了3种加/减速状态,采用随车评价记录和仪器测试相结合的实验方法,以不同驾驶经验的驾驶人为实验对象,利用随车调查人员的乘车感受评价对车辆加/减速运行状态作出判断;采用车载高精度GPS（v-box）工具记录车辆在运动过程中的加/减速度,并采用Raff′s临界间隙法得到3种不同驾驶状态的加/减速度临界点;结果显示驾驶员可接受的状态区间为加速度在0-3.28m/s2之间,减速度在-3.48-0m/s2之间,车辆在道路上正常行驶时,加/减速度选择一般不会在这个范围之外。研究确定了不同驾驶感受的车辆运动特性区间,为把握道路车辆实际运行特性、合理标定微观交通仿真参数、准确模拟道路车辆实际运行特性提供了很好的参考价值。

In addition to mechanical characteristics of vehicle,driver′s perception also has certain effect on the operation of the vehicle.However,quantitative and empirical analysis through field experiments is still relatively limited.Based on driving perception and force analysis,vehicle operation is divided into three acceleration/deceleration states;which are acceptable,barely acceptable,and unacceptable vehicles′operating states are determined by driver′s perception and vehicle speed.Driver′s perception data is recorded by in-vehicle observer,and vehicle speed data is collected by a high precision GPS（v-box）.According to the Raff′s critical gap method,the critical thresholds of the three states are obtained.The results show that if the driver is in an acceptable state,the acceleration rate ranges from 0 -3.28m/s2;the deceleration rate ranges from-3.48-0m/s2.When vehicle operates normally,the critical thresholds of the three states rarely exceed the above ranges.Study results provide a reference to the understanding of vehicle operation characteristics and calibration of traffic simulation parameters.