天体运动中的相对论效应和太阳扁率对行星运动的影响

THE RELATIVITY EFFECT ON CELESTIAL MOTION AND THE INFLUENCE OF SOLAR OBLATNESS ON PLANETARY MOTION

一、引言 1859年Leverrier在修订行星星历表时,首先发现水星近日点进动中有每百年约40″的残差无法得到解释。1882年Newcomb利用1677—1881年间水星凌日的观测资料测得这个偏差是每百年约43″。到1915年Einstein建立了广义相对论后,水星近日点的进动问题才得到比较圆满的解释。但是,太阳并不是一个质点,它有一定的大小和形状,也会使水星近日点产生进动。1967年Dicke和Goldenberg测得太阳的扁率约为4.5×10-5,

According to the general theory of relativity, the equation of celestial motion is founded. The relativity effect on celestial motion is obtained by the method of general perturbation. Its result is causing the periodic variation of the semimajor axis and the eccentricity, the periodic and the secular variation of the longitude of perihelion. The relativity effect must be considered in the second-order solution of the motion of planets and artificial satellites. In this paper, we also discuss the influence of solar oblatness on planetary motion and we roughly estimate solar oblatness on the basis of Clairaut′s theorem. It is shown that solar oblatness makes the perihelion to advance at least about 0″.5 per century. The numerical value we have calculated is smaller than that of Dicke.