高层楼群近地风环境对人居生态的影响以及利用景观建筑设计措施缓解

Near ground wind environment influenced by high rise building complexes,its influences on human environment,and its remedy through landscape architecture designs

随着我国城市现代化的迅速发展,大、中城市的高层商住小区鳞次栉比.在人民生活水平、居住条件不断改善的同时,随城市现代化而产生的各种城市病也随之产生.高楼风的负面影响即是其一.本文通过对国内外研究成果的系统分析,利用风动模拟结果对高楼风的产生条件、格局、尤其是近地风环境进行深入分析,并对高楼风对小区环境质量(如沙尘、热岛效应、污染、噪音)、人居舒适度的影响进行讨论.在此基础上,对利用景观建筑设计和植物设计技术缓解高层小区近地高楼强风进行初步尝试.结果表明:通过分析具体地区不同季节高层建筑对近地风环境,在相对于建筑的不同地方,进行乔灌草植物、常绿与落叶植物的合理配置,或必要的地貌调整,能够有效地缓解近地高楼风的负面影响.

Urban modernization in China has resulted in mushroomed high rise commercial and residential buildings in the cities.As the living standards and conditions have been rapidly improved,many so-called urban diseases have emerged.The unpredicted variable wind environment near high rise buildings is one of these diseases.In the present article the conditions and patterns of such wind environment,especially at human height near the ground,are described,both related literatures and wind tunnel simulation results are reviewed.The influences of wind on local environment qualities(i.e.,dusts,heat-island impact,pollution and noise),and on the comfort of residents are discussed.Techniques of landscape architecture and planting design are then utilized for remediating the wind environment at human height for a high rise commercial-residential complex in a northern city of China.Proper arrangements of evergreen and deciduous plants with different height status at proper locations within the complex,or necessary topographic adjustments,could effectively remediate the negative impacts of such wind environment.