三江源泽库县教育生态补偿现状及对生态保护的影响

Present situation of educational compensation and effect on ecological protection in Zeku County,the Source Area of Three Rivers

基于学生、牧民、移民访谈和问卷调查,对青海三江源泽库县教育补偿的现状进行调研,通过教育补偿对生产生活方式和教育意愿的影响,分析教育补偿对生态保护的影响,以了解教育补偿的成效与问题,为三江源生态补偿政策的制定与完善提供参考和研究基础.研究结果显示:1)教育支出约占平均牧民家庭总收入的5%,教育补偿减轻以畜牧业为主要收入来源的牧民经济压力;2)调研7所学校中仅2所学校在近10年内修建或大规模修缮过校舍,师生比例最高达1∶26.1,教育补偿缺乏对教学设施和教职员工的资金投入;3)99%牧民和94%移民希望子女接受学校教育,47%牧民和55%移民希望未成年子女在本县就学,教育补偿在资金上保护了接受教育的意愿,需谨慎推进未成年人异地就学政策;4)假设中学和大学毕业,希望回家乡工作的学生分别为8%和22%,希望到大城市工作的分别为17%和38%,教育补偿为生态保护工作提供技术人才储备,同时为牧业人口因教育实现异地就业提供条件.

Questionnaire and interview survey of students,ecological migrants and herdsmen were used to investigate the present situation of educational compensation and effect on ecological protection in Zeku County in Source Areas of Three Rivers.Achievements and deficiency in the process of policy implementation were discussed,problems in current policies were identified,references and basics of research for formulation and improvement of educational compensation policy in the Source Areas of Three Rivers were provided.It was found that educational spending accounted for 6% of total household income,educational compensation relieved economic pressures of herdsmen families-animal husbandry provided most of their family income.In the past 10 years,only buildings in 2schools were built and repaired,and teacher-student ratio was 1:26.1.No money was injected into teaching facilities and staff through educational compensation.Ninety nine percent(99%)of the herdsmen and 94%of the ecological migrants wanted their children to receive education,47% herdsmen and55% ecological migrants wanted their young children to go to school in Zeku County.Educational compensation protected the intention of receiving education,educational compensation for young children to study in places other than their hometown was carried out with caution.After middle school or university,8%and 22% of the students wanted to return to their hometown to work,17% and 38% wanted to go to large cities to work.Educational compensation provided talented people for ecological protection,and provided animal husbandry population transfer.