呼吸道微生态研究进展

Research Progress in Micro-ecology of Respiratory Tract

呼吸道菌群是决定呼吸道健康与否的决定性因素。不同生态位菌群构成不同。慢性呼吸系统疾病时呼吸道菌群发生改变,COPD急性加重时,嗜血杆菌属细菌选择性增加;哮喘急性发作时,菌群中变形杆菌门丰度显著增加。经消化道摄入益生菌可以降低急性上呼吸道感染率和抗生素使用频率;经鼻腔和口腔喷雾给予呼吸道共生菌,明显降低易感儿童咽扁桃体炎和急性中耳炎发作率。因此明确呼吸道菌群,识别特定的益生菌菌株的免疫潜力,深入了解益生菌不同菌株的效用以及作用机制,有利于选择合适的益生菌菌株,改善呼吸道感染发生的频率和严重程度。

Bacteria in respiratory tract is the decisive factor to determine the health of respiratory tract. The flora composition in different ecological niche is different. Respiratory flora changes in chronic respiratory diseases. Haemophilus increases in COPD acute exacerbation,and proteus species increases in the acute onset of asthma. Probiotics intake through the digestive tract can reduce the infection rate of upper respiratory tract and antibiotic uses. Commensal bacteria given by nasal and oral spray can reduce the attack rate of children tonsillitis and acute otitis media. It need to further clarify the respiratory tract bacteria,identify the specific immune potential of probiotic strains,understand the effectiveness and mechanism of different probiotics strains. It will help to select the appropriate probiotic strains and ameliorate the frequency and severity of respiratory tract infections.