全球化进程中的印度：环境影响与替代性政治选择

India in the Process of Globalization: Impacts and Alternatives

虽然不能一概否认全球化(可能)带来的一些环境惠益,但并没有充分证据表明,全球化带来的好处与其所造成的损失成正比。无论使用定量或定性的方式,现行可用的指标都表明,印度从整体上日益走向一种生态不可持续的发展,无数的民众面临着日趋严重的环境危机。对此,根本性的应对方案或出路在于向一种"激进的生态民主"的转型:在这个社会中,每个公民都有权利和充分的机会参与到关系社会、政治和经济制度的决策中,而所有决策建立在生态永续和人人平等这两大原则的基础之上。无疑,这种激进生态民主需要在治理结构与方式上发生巨大的转变,必将会遭遇到既存政治和企业权力的抵制。但许多迹象显示,这一转变在印度的未来几十年里是有可能发生的。

Though some environmental benefits from globalization, there are no evidence that such benefits are proportional with the loss caused by it. No matter in terms of qualitative and quantitative indicators, India as a whole is moving towards an ecologically unsustainable development. A fundamental solution to this predicament is a transformation towards a radical ecological democracy: within it, every citizen has the rights and access to participate in the decision- making of social, political and economic instituions, which are based on the two principles of sustainability and equity. Such a transformation implies a great change of governance structure and manner. It seems that this process will occur in India in the following decades.