有人参与深空探测任务面临的风险和技术挑战

Risks and Challenges of Manned Deep Space Exploration Mission

有人参与的深空探测工程是无人深空探测工程和载人航天工程的有机结合,是未来航天技术发展的一个重要方向。与无人深空探测工程相比,有人参与的深空探测系统更加复杂、难度更大、要求更高。经过系统梳理,提出了4个方面面临的风险和技术挑战,即保障人员精确可靠到达、着陆地外天体并安全起飞返回地球,保障人员在长期飞行及长期驻留任务时的居住及生活环境,保障人员在地外天体的大范围机动作业,保障人员长期任务中的健康和安全。解决上述技术问题可为后续开展有人参与的深空探测任务指明方向。

Manned deep space exploration is the integration of unmanned deep space exploration andmanned spaceflight, and it is the trend in spaceflight. The systems are more complex, the technolo.gies are more difficult and the technical requirements are stricter for manned deep space explorationsas compared with those for unmanned deep space explorations. Four aspects of technical challengeswere presented, such as the problems of reliable arriving, landing on celestial bodies and returnback to earth, the problems of astronauts living and working while performing exploration missions,the problems of large.scale motivation and working on other planets, and the problems of humanhealth and security. The suggestions were given to point out the develop direction of the manneddeep space exploration.