基于ZBO技术的空间低温贮箱强化换热数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation Study on Forced Heat Transfer of Space Cryogenic Tank Based on ZBO Technology

针对载人航天和深空探测对低温推进剂长期在轨存储技术的研究需求,提出了一种基于主动制冷技术和流体混合技术的ZBO新型空间低温贮箱,建立了微重力下低温存储系统的3D模型,对六种采用不同换热结构低温贮箱的温度场和速度场进行了数值模拟和研究。通过对比分析,发现热管位置和混合泵以及冷头的传输效率是影响低温贮箱性能的主要因素,低温贮箱结构采用单混合泵侧喷和低温热管加环肋时最高温度最低,温差最小,具有较好的冷却效果。模拟结果有助于提高低温存储系统的性能,为空间低温贮箱的优化设计提供参考依据。

To meet the needs of long.term on.orbit storage of the cryogenic propellant for mannedspaceflight and deep space exploration, a new type of cryogenic tank based on ZBO technology wasproposed which integrated the active cooling and liquid mixing technology. Three dimensional modelof the cryogenic storage system in microgravity was built. The numerical simulation of velocity andtemperature distribution in the space cryogenic tanks with six different structures was studied in de.tail. By comparison, the location of the heat pipe, the pump unit, and the heat transfer efficiency ofthe cooling finger were the most important influence factors on the cryogenic tank. The maximumtemperature was the lowest and the temperature standard deviation was minimum when the structurewith single mixing.pump at a side of the tank and ring fins on the cool tip was applied in the storagetank, which was the optimal structural style. The findings will be beneficial to further improve theperformance of cryogenic liquid storage system and provide reference for the optimal design of thecryogenic tank in space.