腰痛-历史沿革与文献探微

The Etiology and Pathogenesis History of Lumbago

腰痛古代中医文献称之为"腰腿痛""腰胯痛""痹症",可追溯到秦汉时期,《黄帝内经》首次出现"腰痛",为肾精亏虚、寒湿外邪、外伤瘀血、脏腑经络病变和情志内伤;隋唐医家认识更趋完善,《诸病源候论》《备急千金要方》归纳为阳气虚衰、风寒侵袭、肾精亏虚、跌坠伤筋、久卧湿地五大类,另有饭后即卧、大便强努、笑多和卒然伤损亦可引起;宋金元涌现出大量名医名家,《三因极一病证方论》《丹溪心法》除延续《内经》中肾虚、瘀血、闪搓等,认为痰饮、湿热也是重要病因;明清《景岳全书》:真阴虚证为主,实邪较为少见,《证治准绳》:肾虚是根本,余者皆为标也,《症因脉治》"湿热岁气"致腰痛,《秘传证治要诀及类方》《医宗金鉴》《四圣心源》《金匮翼》《冯氏锦囊秘录》等,延续历代医家,补充脾湿肝郁、闪挫气滞、湿热岁气、食积、久坐而致腰痛,及妇人童子腰痛等。近现代认为气血、经络与脏腑功能失调和腰痛密切相关,辨证分型治疗。腰椎间盘突出症、腰椎管狭窄症、腰椎滑脱症、脊柱结核、梨状肌综合征、第三腰椎横突综合征、泌尿系疾患(如肾结石、肾盂肾炎等)、妇科疾患(盆腔炎、子宫盆腔瘀血等)均可引起腰痛。

Lumbago was called as ＂low back pain＂,＂Low Back and Leg Pain＂ and ＂arthralgia＂ in ancient literature of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）, the recognize of etiology and pathogenesis of back pain can be traced back to the Qin and Han Dynasties.Introduction etiology and pathogenesis evolution understanding of Lumbago from the Qin and Han, Sui and Tang, Song,Jin and Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and modern.The main cause of Lumbago was essence deficiency of kidney and evil of wind cold dampness, traumatic and bleeding, disease of meridians and organs. The nature of Lumbago was deficiency more then excessive, the deficiency of Kidney was the basic factor of Lumbago and external evil,traumatic was the exterior factor of Lumbago. The different treatment plans should depending on the etiology and pathogenesis of Lumbago.