现实空间与非现实空间的“迭加”与“坍缩”——空间理论视角下的《彼得堡》透视

“Superposition” and “Collapse” of the Real Space and Unreal Space——Analysis of Petersberg from the Perspective of Space Theory

在安德烈·别雷的长篇小说《彼得堡》中,存在着"现实空间"与"非现实空间"两个相互"迭加"与"坍缩"的空间层面。所谓"现实空间",即《彼得堡》文本中所涉及的诸如涅瓦大街、莫伊卡河等彼得堡的现实空间,它们被作家称为"第一空间"。所谓"非现实空间",是那些基于现实空间又超越现实空间的意识空间,它们往往是意识主体的精神场域,是相对于"第一空间"的"第二空间"。换言之,"第二空间"首先是心理性的和精神性的,它们由各种梦、幻觉、禅定式的思维所构成。本文尝试运用城市空间理论和量子力学原理对这一现象进行探究,考察深藏于两个空间维度中的作者立场。本文认为,在《彼得堡》的现实空间与非现实空间的"迭加"与"坍缩"里,作家以象征主义的方式表达了时代精神的裂变,人类意识的混乱,俄罗斯命运图景的虚幻。

In the novel Petersberg or Hemepbype by Андрей Белый（1880-1934）, there exists the interaction of superposition and collapse of the ＂real space＂ and ＂Unreal Space＂. The ＂real space＂ refers to the spaces described in the novel such as the Neva Street and Moika River in the city of Petersberg, called by the author as the ＂First Space＂. The ＂unreal space＂ refers to the spaces that are based on reality yet surpass the real world, which are called conscious space, a spiritual field of the subject of consciousness. The unreal space is the ＂Second Space＂ in contrast to the ＂First Space＂. In other words, the ＂Second Space＂ is basically psychological and spiritual, composed of various kinds of dreams, illusions and Zen style minds. To explore this interesting phenomenon and to study the stance of the author that seemed deep buried behind different space dimensions, this essay tries to use the city space theory and quantum mechanics as tools to analyze the novel. It is considered, through using the ＂superposition＂ and ＂collapse＂ of the real space and unreal space in Petersberg and through symbolism, the author was actually trying to express his deep worry about the fission of zeitgeist, chaos of human minds, and illusions of Russia’s future destiny.