农业产业集群如何缓解劳动力短缺——基于安徽省安庆市茶叶产业集群的研究

How Can Agricultural Cluster Help to Alleviate Labor Shortage: Evidence from Anqing Tea Industrial Cluster

诸多研究表明中国劳动力市场已经到达刘易斯拐点,不仅制造业面临着严重的劳动力短缺,甚至农业部门也开始面临着劳动力不足的困境。本文通过研究安庆市茶叶产业集群内部用工机制发现,农业产业集群通过以下三种制度安排缓解了农业部门劳动力不足问题:首先,产业集群的用工吸纳机制增加了当地劳动力的供给;其次,产业集群内部的用工协作机制最大化地使用了有限劳动力;最后,产业集群规模效应诱致的专业化服务发挥了劳动力替代效应。本文研究表明,在农业生产部门可以通过发展产业集群有效缓解劳动力短缺带来的负面影响。

Many studies have shown that Lewis turning point has appeared in China. Not only manufacture but also agriculture faces a serious labor shortage. By studying the internal employee-using system of tea Industrial cluster in Anqing,Anhui province,we find that agriculture industry clusters help to alleviate labor shortage by three ways: first,it attracts more workers outside the clusters; second,it brings about optimal allocation of labor resources; third,it drives specialized production of agriculture,which is laborsaving. Therefore,the paper concludes that developing the agricultural industrial cluster is an effective way to alleviate labor shortage.