应急疏散中社会关系网络与“领导—追随”行为变化

Changes in social relation networks and leader-follower behavior in emergency evacuations

群体动力学理论提出社会关系是影响群体行为的一个重要因素。为了研究社会关系在紧急状态下的特点和变化情况,研究应急状态下的"领导—追随"行为,设计并开展了6组高层建筑应急疏散演练实验。实验由包括情侣、舍友和同学关系的30名疏散者参与,使用问卷调查与社会网络分析方法,得到常态和紧急状态下的实验者群体的社会关系网络。对问卷、视频数据和社会关系网络图的分析表明,紧急状态下的社会关系网络受常态中社会关系网络的影响,但在疏散者的中心度、团体的凝聚性、疏散子群等方面又有着明显的变化。同时,通过定义疏散者的被信任程度,提取了常态和紧急疏散状态下的领导与追随者,结果表明紧急状态下的领导者更可能在常态中的意见领袖和疏散中速度较快的人中间产生。

Group dynamics theory shows that social relationships are an important factor influencing group behavior.The characteristics and changes in social relationships during emergencies were studied in experiments modeling 6high-rise building emergency evacuations.The evacuees are all from a graduate class with 30 students where are some pre-existing social relations such as friends,girl and boy friends,and roommates.Social network analyses,questionnaires and video data showed that the leader-follower behavior during emergencies may be influenced by the normal social relationships,but that the center of the evacuee group,the group cohesion,and subgroups showed obvious changes. A mutual believed degree（MBD）was defined to identify the opinion leaders in normal situations and in emergencies which shows that the potential leaders in emergencies are most likely from the normal opinion leaders and from the men who run faster in evacuations.