大绒鼠体表寄生虫感染状况分析

Analysis of infestation of ectoparasites on large oriental vole(Eothenomys miletus)

目的为加强人兽共患病管理以及贵州省大绒鼠体表寄生虫相关生物学研究奠定基础。方法 2013年7~8月对贵州省都匀、龙里、贵阳、安顺和织金5个地点的大绒鼠进行了首次调查分析,收集大绒鼠体表的寄生虫,封片、固定后在显微镜下对寄生虫进行分类鉴定。对大绒鼠体表寄生虫的一些指标进行统计分析。用负二项分布参数K测定优势寄生虫在同一鼠种（大绒鼠）不同个体之间的空间分布格局。用感染性参数测定雌雄鼠体表寄生虫感染的差异。结果从捕获到的185只大绒鼠体表采集到4 303只寄生虫,分类鉴定为8科17属62种,其中有175只大绒鼠感染了寄生虫,感染率高达94.59%,平均多度为23.26只寄生虫/鼠,感染度为24.59。雄鼠体表寄生虫的感染率和平均多度均高于雌鼠,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=11.763,P〈0.01）。优势种在大绒鼠体表呈聚集分布。结论大绒鼠体表寄生虫种类丰富,物种多样性较高,其有巨大的潜能承载更多的寄生虫。对于鼠疫流行地区,这些研究可能有助于预防和控制以螨和昆虫为媒介传播的疾病。

Objective To enhance our understanding the emergence and management of potential zoonotic diseases in China and related biological issues of ectoparasites on the body surface of Emiletus in Guizhou. Methods Field investigation was done in five counties of Guizhou from July to August,2013. Ectoparasites on the body surface of the Emiletus were collected,and then mounted on slides,classified,and identified under a microscope. Some commonly used indices were calculated for each ectoparasite species. The parameter K from the negative binomial distribution was used to determine the spatial distribution patterns of the dominant species of 4 categories of ectoparasites. Infestation parameters and indices of ectoparasites associated with each sex of Emiletus were compared. Results A total of 4 303 ectoparasites identified as comprising 62 different species in 17 genera under8 families were collected from 185 voles and 175 voles were infested with four taxa of ectoparasites with a high prevalence（ P =94. 59%）,high mean abundance（ MA = 23. 26 parasites / per examined vole） and high mean intensity（ MI = 24. 59 parasites /per infested vole）. The male voles harbored more ectoparasite species with a higher prevalence and mean abundance than the females（ P〈0. 01）. All the dominant species of ectoparasites showed an aggregated distribution among different individuals of Emiletus. Conclusion As a single rodent species,Emiletus has a great potential to harbor abundant ectoparasites with high species diversity in Guizhou. All these studies may be critical to formulating recommendations for the prevention and control of mite-borne and insect- borne diseases in plague- endemic regions.