2013年唐山市中小学生健康状况调查

Health status survey of primary and secondary students in Tangshan City in 2013

目的了解唐山市城乡中小学生视力、龋齿、营养不良及肥胖的现状,为该市的学校卫生防治工作提供科学依据。方法在唐山辖区内14个县(市)区按照随机抽样原则,抽取城乡中小学校部分学生进行视力、龋齿、身高和体重专项检查。结果在14个县(市)区共调查10 874人,总视力低下率为50.4%,不同学习阶段、性别、地区间的比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为1 824.659、40.494和73.838,均P<0.01);总患龋齿率为31.4%,不同学习阶段、地区间的比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为315.790和26.093,均P<0.01),但性别间比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.289,P>0.05);总营养不良率为10.4%,不同学习阶段、地区间的比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为57.371和20.597,均P<0.01);总超重率为20.8%,不同学习阶段、不同地区间的比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为41.810和31.287,均P<0.01),总肥胖率率为9.4%,不同学习阶段、地区间的比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别91.980和5.782,均P<0.01)。结论唐山市中小学生视力不良、患龋齿、营养不良、超重及肥胖均占一定比例。应加强学生健康体检及健康教育,学校、家庭和社会三方共同努力,降低发病率,保障学生体质健康。

Objective This paper investigates the health status of visual acuity,dental caries,malnutrition and obesity of primary and secondary students in Tangshan city,and thereby provides scientific basis for school hygiene work. Methods Conducted random sampling on the primary and secondary students in urban and rural areas of 14 counties of Tangshan city. Special inspection was carried out in terms of their visual acuity,dental caries,stature and body weight measurement. Results The survey contains 10 874 people from 14 counties（ cities）,the total rate of low vision was 50. 4%,there was statistical significance（ χ^2respectively 1 824. 659,40. 494 and 73. 838,all P〈0. 01） among the differences of different stages of learning,the different regions and the different gender,the total risk of decayed tooth rate was 31. 4%,the differences were statistically significant（ χ^2respectively 315. 790 and 26. 093,all P〈0. 01） between the different stages of learning and the different regions,but the comparison between the seχes has no statistical significance（ χ^2= 0. 289, P〈0. 05）; The total rate of malnutrition was10. 4%,the differences were statistically significant（ χ2respectively 57. 371 and 20. 597,all P〈0. 01） between the different stages of learning and the different regions. The total rate of overweight was 20. 8%,the differences were statistically significant（ χ^2respectively 41. 810 and 31. 287,all P〈0. 01） between the different stages of learning and the different regions. The total rate of obesity was 9. 4%,the differences were statistically significant（ χ^2respectively 91. 980 and 5. 782,all P〈0. 01） between the different stages of learning and the different regions. Conclusion A fairly large number of the students in Tangshan city eχperience poor vision, risk of decayed tooth, malnutrition, overweight and obesity, which poses a quite serious situation. Students＇ physical eχamination and health education should be paid more attention in the future so as to guarantee the physical health of students in the joint efforts of school,family and the society.