旋转眼位测量的年龄相关特点

Age-related changes in ocular torsion measurement in children

目的探讨儿童黄斑视盘相对位置的发育特点。方法回顾性系列研究。对2013年6月至2014年11月在北京大学第一医院小儿眼科就诊的37名3岁儿童及40名6岁儿童进行眼底照相，分别测量分析旋转眼位的相关参数，包括视盘直径测量，黄斑-视盘水平、垂直距离的测量，黄斑视盘夹角的计算等，并进行统计学分析。结果3岁年龄组：视盘水平径测量值平均为（1．91±0．17）mm；垂直径测量值平均为（2．06±0．21）mm。黄斑中心凹距视盘中心的水平距离平均为（5．24±0．27）mm，垂直距离平均为（0．63±0．33）mm。以视盘直径为单位（1PD）计算的黄斑中心凹位置在视盘颞侧（2．74±0．27）PD，中心以下（0．30±0．15）PD。黄斑一视盘夹角为（6．82±3．57）°。6岁年龄组：视盘水平径平均测量值为（1．88±0．19）mm；垂直径平均测量值为（2．01±0．19）mm。黄斑中心凹距视盘中心的水平距离为（5．06±0．26）mm，垂直距离为（0．54±0．30）mm。以视盘直径（PD）为单位计算的黄斑中心凹位置在视盘颞（2．71±0．28）PD，中心以下（0．27±0．16）PD。黄斑-视盘夹角为（6．22±3．58）°。以上测量值的两个年龄组比较，黄斑中心凹距视盘中心的水平距离差别具有统计学意（P〈0．01）。结论儿童眼底照相结果表现视盘大小变异较大，黄斑-视盘垂直距离的实际测量值也存在较大个体差异。黄斑-视盘夹角的测量没有年龄差异，在研究或诊治低龄儿旋转斜视时可以不考虑年龄因素。

Objective To measure the foveal location in relation to the optic disc in 3 and 6 years-old children. Methods Measurement of optic disc size, horizontal and vertical distance be- tween foveal and optic disc, disc-foveal angle in fundus photographs of 77 children （37 subjects with the age of 3 years and 40 subjects with the age of 6 years）. Statistic analysis was done to show the correlation between two groups of children. Results The 3 years group： Mean optic disc horizontal diameter was 1.91±0.17mm; mean vertical diameter was 2.06±0.21 mm. Mean horizontal distance between fovea and optic disc was 5.24±0.27 ram, mean vertical distance between fovea and optic disc was 0.63±0.33 rnm. The fovea was located 2.74±0.27 disc diameter （PD） temporal to the center of optic disc and 0.30±0.15PD below the horizontal to the center of the optic disc. Mean disc-foveal angle was 6.82±3.57°. The 6 years group： Mean optic disc horizontal diameter was 1.88± 0.19 mm, mean vertical diameter was 2.01＋0.19 mm. Mean horizontal distance between fovea and optic disc was 5.06±0.26 mm, mean vertical distance between fovea and optic disc was 0.54：e0.30 mm. The fovea was located 2.71±0.28 PD temporal to the center of optic disc and 0.27±0.16PD be- low the horizontal to the center of the optic disc. Mean disc-foveal angle was6.22±3.58°. There was statistically difference in horizontal distance between fovea and optic disc between 3 years chil- dren and 6 years children. Conclusions The size of optic disc and vertical distance between fovea and optic disc in children shows significantly variable. There are no difference in disc-foveal angle between 3 years children and 6 years children.