深圳石岩水库浮游植物群落时空动态特征及其影响因素分析

Temporal and spatial pattern of phytoplankton community and its affected factors of Shiyan Reservoir

于2013年5月至2014年4月对深圳石岩水库进行采样,研究了深圳石岩水库浮游植物群落组成、时空动态及其主要的环境影响因素,以期为该水库水质的保障和改善提供科学依据。石岩水库全年共检测到浮游植物7门90属,以绿藻门(41.1%)、硅藻门(30.0%)和蓝藻门(20.0%)为主。浮游植物的种类在9月份最丰富,有61种,8月份最少,仅有18种。各采样区的浮游植物丰度,在6月份达到最大值,为1.76×108 cells·L–1,在10月份出现最低值,为2.74×106 cells·L–1。绿藻、硅藻和蓝藻的丰度之和在全年所占比例都较高,变化范围为96.74%—100%,以蓝藻居多,占51.55%—92.23%,其中,绿藻门的优势属为十字藻属(Crucigenia)、栅藻属(Scenedesmus)、小球藻属(Chlorella);硅藻门的优势属为直链藻属(Melosira)、小环藻属(Cyclotella);蓝藻门的优势属为假鱼腥藻属(Pseudanabaena)。冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)表明:全部样品分布在轴1与轴2构成的4个象限内,轴2左侧与冬(春秋)季对应,轴2右侧与夏季对应;绝大多数藻类分布在冬(春秋)季对应的象限内,少数藻类包括硅藻门的卵形藻属(Cocconeis)、蓝藻门的平裂藻属(Merismopedia)、尖头藻属(Raphidiopsis)和鞘丝藻属(Lyngbya)以及绿藻门的衣藻属(Chlamydomonas)分布在夏季所对应的象限内;研究结果表明影响石岩水库浮游植物群落结构动态的主要驱动因子是水温(Temperature,TEMP)、总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)、硝酸盐氮(NO3-N)和总氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)。

Phytoplankton and related factors were investigated to explore the relationship between water quality and phytoplankton of the Shiyan Reservoir in 2013-2014, which was located in Guangdong Province. Temporal and spatial patterns of phytoplankton community and cell abundance were analyzed, and their associated influencing factors were also studied using redundancy analysis（RDA）. Results showed that 90 genera of algae were identified, and the community was dominated by Chlorophyta（41.1%） Bacillariophyta（30.0%）, and Cyanophyta（20.0%） across all the sampling year. Phytoplankton species had the most abundance in September（61）, the least in August, only 18. The phytoplankton had an abundance between 2.74×10^8 cells·L^（-1）（in October） to 1.76×10^8 cells·L^（-1）（in June）; Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta accounted for the range of 96.74%-100% of the total phytoplankton abundance in the whole year, dominated by Cyanophyta, accounting for 51.55%-92.23%. The advantage of genus was Crucigenia, Scenedesmus, Chlorella, Melosira, Cyclotella and Pseudanabaena. Redundancy analysis showed that case ordination by RDA divided all samples into the four districts forming by axis 1 and axis 2, the left of axis 2 corresponding to the seasons spring, autumn and winter, while the right to summer. Most samples were located in the districts of the left of axis 2, the least including Cocconeis, Merismopedia, Raphidiopsis, Lyngbya and Chlamydomonas were in the districts of the right of axis 2. TEMP, TOC, NO3-N and TN were the main environment factors influencing the composition and dynamics of the phytoplankton community.