农业科技园区的技术扩散

Technology diffusion of agricultural science and technology park

农业科技园区是农业创新发展的技术极,是新时期中国农业技术扩散的新模式。在系统梳理国内外农业技术扩散相关研究的基础上,从地理学视角提出了农业科技园区技术扩散的研究框架;分析了农业技术极的成长机制、农业技术扩散系统及其特征,构建了技术扩散环境评价指标体系;基于"基础"范式,探讨了农业科技园区技术扩散的时间过程特征(扩散阶段、扩散速度、扩散广度)、空间过程特征(扩散效应、空间形式)及其影响机理,指出园区技术扩散遵循"点—轴"扩散的基本规律;基于"采用"范式,分析了农户技术采用的影响因素与机制,探讨了不同环境、不同属性技术对农户采用行为的影响。最后,指出农业科技园区技术扩散研究需要进一步探讨的问题。

Agricultural Science and Technology Park（ASTP） is the technopole of agricultural development in China, and is a new mode of agricultural innovation diffusion in the new period. Based on the induction and comparison on the representative figure and the core thought and methods about different research paradigms of the agricultural technology diffusion in various periods, the study put forward the research framework of agricultural science and technology park technology diffusion from the perspective of geography. The result showed that the growth process of the agricultural technopole was essentially the spatial agglomeration process of the innovation factors, innovative organization, and innovative industries, as well as a process of enhancing the technology ＂potential＂ of the technopole and the technology ＂potential difference＂ between the ASTP and its surrounding area. Furthermore,this paper analyzed the internal mechanism of the ASTP technology innovation and its technology diffusion. After analyzing the technology diffusion system elements and the system characteristics of agricultural science and technology park, the paper concluded that the technology diffusion environment would play a rule in the process of technology diffusion, and may affect the direction, the speed, the way of the technical flow and the effect of technology diffusion. And then it put out the evaluation index system of technology diffusion environment which included six subsystems, such as the natural ecological environment and the agricultural development, the agricultural science and technology policy etc., and a number of specific indicators. Following the＂basic＂paradigm, the paper discussed the time process characteristics including the diffusion stage, the diffusion velocity, the diffusion breadth; the spacial process characteristics included the diffusion effect and the spatial form. This paper analyzed the influencing factors and mechanism of ASTP innovation diffusion. Finally, it was concluded that ASTP innovation diffusion followed the basic rules of＂point- axis＂diffusion. Following the＂adoption＂paradigm, the paper analyzed the influencing factors and mechanism of farmers＇ technology adoption; and further researched the difference of the farms＇ adoption behaviors on different technologies under different technical environment conditions. The studies showed that the technical attributes and the technology diffusion environment had a significant influence on farmers＇ technology adoption behavior. In summary, the paper suggested that some problems should be solved on the agricultural science and technology park and its innovation diffusion.